近日,美國(guó)衛(wèi)生及公共服務(wù)部發(fā)布了第15版致癌物報(bào)告,新增8種致癌物,其中,幽門螺桿菌慢性感染被列為明確致癌物(known to be a human carcinogen)。
Eight substances have been added to the US Report on Carcinogens, a cumulative report mandated by US Congress to list substances that are known or are reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans.
carcinogen /kɑ??s?n?d??n/:致癌物質(zhì)
In the 15th Report on Carcinogens, the new entries added bring the total list up to 256 substances, according to a Dec 23 news release.
最新報(bào)告將致癌物種類增加到256種,其中幽門螺桿菌(H. pylori)慢性感染被列為明確人類致癌物、三氧化二銻被列為合理懷疑的致癌物,6種自來水消毒后的鹵代乙酸副產(chǎn)物被認(rèn)為具有致畸、致癌副作用。
In the new report, chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, is listed as known to be a human carcinogen.
chronic /?kr?n?k/:慢性的;長(zhǎng)期的
bacterium /bæk?t??r??m/: 細(xì)菌
helicobacter:螺桿菌
pylori /?pa??l??ri/: 幽門
The flame-retardant chemical antimony trioxide, and six haloacetic acids (HAAs) found as water disinfection byproducts are listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
flame-retardant:阻燃的
byproduct :副產(chǎn)品
幽門螺旋桿菌在日常生活中極為普遍。根據(jù)《HP感染率與不同環(huán)境因素相關(guān)性的調(diào)查研究》報(bào)道,幽門螺旋桿菌(Hp)是人類最常見的慢性細(xì)菌感染,在全球自然細(xì)菌感染中超過50%。其中發(fā)展中國(guó)家感染率超過發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
H. pylori is a spiral bacteria that can enter the body through food, water or utensils, lives in the digestive tract and is behind most stomach ulcers. It is thought to penetrate the mucous lining of the stomach to establish infection and can lead to stomach cancer.
幽門螺旋桿菌是一種螺旋形細(xì)菌,通過食物、水、餐具進(jìn)入人體,生存于消化道中,常引發(fā)胃潰瘍。這種細(xì)菌被認(rèn)為能穿透胃黏膜,引發(fā)炎癥或?qū)е挛赴?/p>
It is more commonly found in regions with less established infrastructures surrounding clean water and sewage systems, but spread from one person to another is possible through saliva or other bodily fluids.
幽門螺旋桿菌更常出現(xiàn)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施較差,缺乏衛(wèi)生飲水和排水系統(tǒng)的地區(qū),也能夠通過唾液或其他體液傳染。
據(jù)央視網(wǎng)報(bào)道,根據(jù)2001-2014全國(guó)幽門螺旋桿菌調(diào)查顯示,我國(guó)的幽門螺旋桿菌感染率在40%-90%之間,平均為59%。
H. pylori is estimated to infect 50% of the world’s population. In China, the nationwide average prevalence of H. pylori was estimated to be 59% in the general population during 2001-2014.
如何預(yù)防幽門螺旋桿菌?
幽門螺桿菌感染多是因?yàn)?ldquo;病從口入”,常有家族聚集現(xiàn)象,如幽門螺桿菌感染者與家人親密接觸、共餐等。
因此,預(yù)防幽門螺桿菌要做到以下幾個(gè)措施:
分餐、使用公筷
家中有幽門螺桿菌感染者,建議采取分餐制,并用消毒處理好的碗筷。
家里有小孩的,一定要杜絕大人把食物嚼碎后喂孩子的行為。大人咬過的食物喂給孩子,或者是用自己筷子喂孩子類似的行為也要避免。
聚餐時(shí),也建議使用公筷,盡量不要隨意給別人夾菜。
注意衛(wèi)生
首先是水源衛(wèi)生,保證飲用水的干凈。其次是個(gè)人衛(wèi)生,飯前便后勤洗手;勤刷牙,以減少口腔中的細(xì)菌,牙具也要及時(shí)更換。此外要注意食品衛(wèi)生,蔬菜、水果清洗干凈,肉類一定要熟透后再吃。
清淡飲食
平時(shí)飲食習(xí)慣口味較重,吃得比較咸,常吃腌菜、腌肉等食物,都會(huì)加重幽門螺旋桿菌對(duì)胃黏膜的傷害,所以要盡量養(yǎng)成清淡飲食的習(xí)慣,少吃腌制品和加工食物。
此外,幽門螺桿菌感染者若想遠(yuǎn)離胃腫瘤,建議定期進(jìn)行檢查。而胃腫瘤的高危人群,如長(zhǎng)期高鹽飲食的人、有胃腫瘤家族史的人等等,也需要定期進(jìn)行胃鏡檢查。
來源:自然 衛(wèi)報(bào) 21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道
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